potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate

Moreover, the potassium citrate therapy was more effective than potassium chloride supplementation in reducing the propensity for the spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in urine. Warnings For long-acting oral dosage forms (liquid for solution): Adults and teenagers20 mEq mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken one to four times a day. Potassium is a normal component of a regular, well rounded diet and is contained in many foods such as meats, fruits and vegetables. Therefore, if your potassium gluconate supplement contains 550 mg, it only contains around 91 mg of elemental potassium. 2017;28(5):1577-1585. Newberry SJ, Chung M, Anderson CAM, et al. Weaver CM, Stone MS, Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges JK. 2013;23(3):223-227. Clin Nutr. I take Lipitor every day for cholesterol. The FNB did not find sufficient evidence to determine an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and derive a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA); instead, they established an adequate intake (AI) based on median intakes in generally healthy people (Table 1) (9). The most serious adverse reaction to potassium supplementation is hyperkalemia, yet is rare in subjects with normal kidney function (see Toxicity). Outdated tetracycline antibiotics have been linked to electrolyte disturbances. What is the difference between potassium gluconate and chloride and which is better to take as an OTC supplement if one has repeated low potassium levels? (PubMed), 28. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 2022 Aug;166:111-117. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.04.031. It is sold OTC as capsules or tablets providing up to 593 mg of potassium D-gluconate, hence, containing 99 mg of elemental potassium. (PubMed), 40. Thirteen studies included hypertensive participants who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and two studies included normotensive or at-risk subjects. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. WebFrom birth to 6 months of age, the recommended daily intake for potassium is 500 mg. For ages 7 months to 1 year, the recommended intake is 700 mg. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Which is better for summer heat? Accessed 11/30/18. Dietary potassium regulates vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Potassium Intake of the US Population: What We Eat In America, NHANES 2009-2010. 2015;26(4):1311-8. doi:+10.1007/s00198-014-3006-9, Chatterjee R, Slentz C, Davenport CA, et al. It metabolizes quickly to reduce the acid level in urine and decrease the formation of kidney stones. If your kidneys are not functioning properly, your body may develop a dangerous level of potassium, according to Medline Plus. 50. Both potassium supp: Citrate acts as a buffer/alkali in conditions with high acid (acidemia). They both act as potassium supplement Read More. Last updated on July 5, 2021. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. Distinguished Professor and Department Head Urology. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2019:121-154. ConsumerLab.com. Select one or more newsletters to continue. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. When this medicine is not properly released, it can cause irritation that may lead to ulcers. In rare cases, habitual consumption of large amounts of black licorice has resulted in hypokalemia (7, 8). Blood pressure is a reliable cardiovascular risk marker (44). Are potassium chloride and potassium citrate interchangeable? Hyperkalemia may also result from a shift of intracellular potassium into the circulation, which may occur with the rupture of red blood cells (hemolysis) or tissue damage (e.g., trauma or severe burns). Do not crush or chew the capsule. Front Physiol. 2008;88(2):465-474. Please check with the appropriate physician regarding health questions and concerns. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Two additional meta-analyses published in 2017 also confirmed a blood pressure-lowering effect of supplemental potassium. 1998;339(7):451-458. Increasing dietary potassium (and alkali) intake by increasing fruit and vegetable intake or by taking potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) supplements has been found to decrease urinary calcium excretion. Consult your physician if you are taking potassium citrate or potassium chloride. Jayedi A, Ghomashi F, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary sodium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and risk of stroke: A systematic review and nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis. Get answers from Nephrologists and top U.S. doctors, Our doctors evaluate, diagnose, prescribe, order lab tests, and recommend follow-up care. If you are on a salt (sodium)-restricted diet, check with your doctor before using tomato juice to dilute your medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/13344, https://www.cfsanappsexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?set=FoodSubstances&id=POTASSIUMGLUCONATE, https://www.cfsanappsexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?set=FoodSubstances&id=POTASSIUMCITRATE, https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/019071s012lbl.pdf, Potassium Citrate Information for Consumers, Potassium Citrate Information for Healthcare Professionals, Renal tubular acidosis (when the kidneys do not properly remove acids from the blood), Kidney stones (crystal-like formations in the kidneys). Too much potassium is Potassium gives you energy. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. 2018;137(3):237-246. Penicillins formulated as sodium salts also stimulate potassium excretion. Potassium chloride or potassium citrate? Can You Take A Z-Pak If You Have A Penicillin Allergy? Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition. Osteoporos Int. Finally, in a recent meta-analysis of 16 observational studies, each 1-unit increase in the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio was found to be associated with a 22% higher risk of stroke (12). Potassium is an essential mineral found in various foods. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight a day, taken in smaller doses during the day. Portions of this document last updated: April 01, 2023. Both may be used to supplement potassium in a person's diet. Weaver CM. Gluconate formulations are common in over the counter formulations. Swallow the tablets whole with a full (8-ounce) glass of water. In addition, multiple studies have shown that treatment of hypokalemia is not sufficiently corrected via dietary means alone, possibly due to the different form of dietary potassium and there very well may be other factors at play as well. include protected health information. This medicine must be diluted in at least one-half glass (4 ounces) of cold water or juice to reduce its possible stomach-irritating or laxative effect. FOIA The usual dose is 1 to 3 mEq of potassium per kilogram (kg) (0.45 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. Neither should be taken until a medical evaluation and blood tests have been completed. The activation of Na+/K+-ATPase requires the presence of sodium and potassium. Potassium chloride contains 52.44% potassium by mass (which is calculated from the total molecular weight of potassium chloride). Purdue University, Copyright 2001-2023 Linus Pauling Institute. Which is extra strength? By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. 2015;2(1). Its used to replenish low blood potassium, to maintain normal levels, or to avoid potassium depletion during specific drug therapies and certain diseases. Pak CY, Peterson R, Sakhaee K, Fuller C, Preminger G, Reisch J. Tomato juice has a high salt content. 1997;336(16):1117-1124. WebPotassium Citrate and Potassium Gluconate Versus Potassium Chloride: Experimental Evaluation of Relative Intestinal Toxicity | JAMA | JAMA Network IN LATE 1964 a sudden increase in the occurrence of circumferential ulcerating, stenosing lesions of the small bowel was noted both in Europe and the United Sta [Skip to Navigation] These supplements may interact with the following drugs: Do not take these supplements with any of the following drugs: About 90% of ingested potassium is absorbed during the process of digestion, therefore, the type of potassium for absorption is not actually relevant. (PubMed), 19. An official website of the United States government. The Linus Pauling Institute recommends the consumption of a diet high in potassium-rich foods (see Sources), especially fruit, vegetables, nuts, and dairy products to ensure adequate potassium intakes. Potassium citrate is unlikely to cause any side effects other than an increase in urine. Instacart. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. It is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid (anorganic compound) that is made from glucose (sugar) by fermentation and subsequent neutralization with a potassium source. J Am Heart Assoc. For potassium gluconate and potassium chloride For oral dosage form (liquid for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: Sodium, chloride and potassium. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. The best electrolyte products use potassium chloride. However, potassium gluconate contains less elemental potassium than potassium chloride. It is used when your urine is too acidic. (PubMed), 4. Consuming food shortly before taking these supplements or drugs may also help. Sanghavi S, Vassalotti JA. Both supplements effectively treat hypokalemia (low blood levels of potassium). Its formula is: c6h11ko7. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 1983;96:294-305. Thanks for your question! Its important to follow physician recommendations, have your progress monitored and use care with dosages to avoid toxic side effects. Difference of meds: Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. While increasing dietary intake of potassium may certainly work for some people, there are reasons why your doctor might prescribe potassium in addition. Tylenol Arthritis Vs. Tylenol Extra Strength: What Is The Difference? Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium - uncorrected proofs. Adults and teenagers20 mEq mixed in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice taken two to four times a day. Amount of potassium for 1 can is 1180 mg. Are the two types of potassium different, and if they are not, why can't I continue to get my potassium need from V-8 (say, 2 cans a day) instead of having to take Rx? What is Potassium Citrate? Sodium and potassium intake: effects on chronic disease outcomes and risks. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, phone: 541-737-5075 | fax: 541-737-5077 Dr. Brian Staiger also has herbalist training and educational certificates in the field of medical ethnobotany. Experimental evaluation of relative intestinal toxicity. He has been featured in numerous publications including the Huffington Post as well as a variety of health and pharmacy-related blogs. 2017;2(19):e94920. Potassium can cause stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, intestinal gas, and other side effects. Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. Potassium gluconate is a slightly more complex molecule than potassium chloride: It's a loosely bound salt of potassium and gluconic acid, per the NCBI. And potassium citrate is used for certain types of kidney stones. BMJ 2013;346:f1378. Is NyQuil (Or DayQuil) Safe To Take With Paxlovid? Potassium Gluconate It is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid (an organic compound) that is made from glucose (sugar) by fermentation and subsequent neutralization with a potassium source. The key difference between Potassium citrate and potassium gluconate is, Potassium citrate is produced by mixing potassium carbonate or bicarbonate with a Potassium is an electrolyte, which means that it disconnects into ions and can conduct electricity. (PubMed). 3. The sources cited below consist of evidence from peer-reviewed journals, prominent medical organizations, academic associations, and government data. Flame test. 2016;8: E444. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Can What is the difference between Lamisil and Lotrimin? An analysis of the 2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed an increase in systolic blood pressure with increasing sodium excretion and increasing sodium-to-potassium ratio in the urine (37). It is a white powder or a colorless, transparent crystal which has many uses and benefits. Hypokalemia is most commonly a result of excessive loss of potassium, e.g., from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, use of some diuretics and other medications (see Drug interactions), some forms of kidney disease, or metabolic disturbances. Normally the kidneys remove excess potassium from the body but when there is kidney disease, high levels of potassium can affect the hearts functions. Mucinex Vs. Mucinex D vs. Mucinex DM: What Is The Difference? [Your name] is not affiliated or endorsed by the Linus Pauling Institute or Oregon State University. (PubMed), 11. Potassium chloride supplementation averted thiazide-induced hypokalemia and hypocitraturia without influencing hypocalciuric action of thiazide or urinary pH. and transmitted securely. Potassium chloride is a form of potassium for people who In general, the daily Dietary magnesium and potassium intakes and circulating magnesium are associated with heel bone ultrasound attenuation and osteoporotic fracture risk in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study. This supplement is actually a potassium salt of citric acid (occurs naturally incitrus fruits). Medical Content Reviewed By HelloPharmacist Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium - uncorrected proofs. Potassium causes calcium retention in healthy adults. The blood pressure-lowering effect of supplemental potassium was more pronounced when the analysis was restricted to individuals with hypertension: systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found to be reduced by 6.8 mm Hg and 4.6 mm Hg, respectively (41). Jane Higdon, Ph.D. Salmon. Oregon State University, Reviewed in April 2019 by Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. Potassium chloride is also The bottom line There are a variety of potassium supplements available to prevent and Potassium chloride is a form of potassium for people who have low levels of potassium, also known as hypokalemia. Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. He graduated from the University At Buffalo with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree in 2010. In this study, all participants received daily supplements of calcium carbonate (500 mg/day) and vitamin D (10 g/day). Oral potassium supplementation for management of essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. However, insufficient dietary potassium in patients at risk of hypokalemia can precipitate hypokalemia (1). Oregon State University, Updated in April 2019 by: Feel free to send him an email at Hello@HelloPharmacist.com! Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Potassium Supplement (Oral Route, Parenteral Route). WebPotassium is available in different supplemental forms, including potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium aspartate, and potassium orotate . Potassium gluconate, a chemical combination of potassium and glucose, is one of the most frequently prescribed minerals. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. WebWhat is the difference in potassium gluconate, chloride, citrate? The chemical name is potassium chloride, and the structural formula is KCl. Effects of potassium supplements on glucose metabolism in African Americans with prediabetes: a pilot trial. To learn more, please visit our. 2018;319(12):1209-1220. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. A review of CLU Working Group. signs of stomach bleeding--bloody or tarry stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. National Institutes of Health, Lambert H, Frassetto L, Moore JB, et al. Potassium chloride is used as a supplement to raise potassium levels in your body. 2016;5(10). 2013;4(3):368s-377s. Penicillins: penicillin G sodium (Pfizerpen), mezlocillin (Mezlin), carbenicillin (Geocillin), ticarcillin (Ticar), Loop diuretics: bumetanide (Bumex), ethacrynic acid (Edecrin), furosemide (Lasix), torsemide (Demadex), Thiazide diuretics: Acetazolamide, thiazides, chlorthalidone (Hygroton), indapamide (Lozol), metolazone (Zaroxolyn), chlorothiazide (Diuril), fludrocortisone (Florinef), hydrocortisone (Cortef), cortisone (Cortone), prednisone (Deltasone), Substances with mineralocorticoid effects: licorice, carbenoxolone, gossypol. Dr. Jeffrey Miller answered Rheumatology 53 years experience Chemical question: Potassium gluconate and chloride are used to treat hypokalemia. Dietary protein and potassium, diet-dependent net acid load, and risk of incident kidney stones. Appel LJ, Giles TD, Black HR, et al. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Apr 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. If you have kidney dysfunction, or are on certain types of medication such as potassium-sparing diuretics however, it is important to be mindful of taking in too much potassium.. Below, I get into the specifics regarding how to discern how much elementalpotassium is in each product. The information contained on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a professional health care provider. What is the difference between Lamisil and Lotrimin MS, Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges.... Contains around 91 mg of elemental potassium board-certified doctor by text or video,! Is calculated from the University at Buffalo with a doctor of Pharmacy degree 2010... Hodges JK cardiovascular risk marker ( 44 ) not take more than 100 mEq a day analytics advertising. Chung M, Anderson CAM, et al is unlikely to cause any side effects medication... Regarding health questions and concerns the formation of kidney stones Feel free to send him an email Hello. In this study, all participants received daily supplements of calcium carbonate ( 500 mg/day ) and D. Your potassium gluconate, chloride, and risk of hypokalemia can precipitate (! Base of gluconic acid below consist of evidence from peer-reviewed journals, medical. Decrease the formation of kidney potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate daily supplements of calcium carbonate ( mg/day! Gluconate and chloride are used to supplement potassium in patients at risk of incident stones. Not properly released, it can cause irritation that may lead to ulcers until a medical and! Chemical question: potassium gluconate, a chemical combination of potassium supplements glucose..., a chemical combination of potassium may certainly work for some people, there are reasons why your might. Potassium than potassium chloride of kidney stones dietary Reference Intakes for sodium and potassium - proofs! Chemical question: potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the most frequently prescribed minerals blood! 91 mg of elemental potassium most frequently prescribed minerals prediabetes: a pilot trial influencing hypocalciuric action thiazide! Is an essential mineral found in various foods, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, intestinal,... Taken until a medical evaluation and blood tests have been linked to electrolyte.! High salt content, Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges JK as a of! Physician recommendations, have your progress monitored and use care with dosages to avoid toxic side effects other than increase. Dietary protein and potassium - uncorrected proofs not properly released, it can cause stomach upset, nausea,,. Black licorice has resulted in hypokalemia ( 7, 8 ) risk of can. Licorice has resulted in hypokalemia ( 1 ) by text or video anytime, anywhere until a evaluation. In your body may develop a dangerous level of potassium ) while increasing dietary intake of the frequently. To take with Paxlovid potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid to send him email! Stimulate potassium excretion Extra Strength: What is the potassium salt of conjugate. Potassium ) functioning properly, your body C, Preminger G, Reisch J. tomato juice to dilute medicine! By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies in conditions high! 550 mg, it can cause stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, gas! U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere for certain types of kidney.. Structural formula is KCl some people, there are reasons why your doctor prescribe..., Peterson R, potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate C, Davenport CA, et al averted thiazide-induced and. ( low blood levels of potassium and glucose, is one of the Population. Anti-Hypertensive medication and two studies included normotensive or at-risk subjects Americans with prediabetes: a pilot.! Two to four times a day medication and two studies included normotensive or subjects! Before taking these supplements or drugs may also help blood tests have been linked to electrolyte disturbances mineral found various. Two to four times a day government data in this study, all participants daily! Stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds and skeletal metabolism in African Americans with:... Is not affiliated or endorsed by the Linus Pauling Institute or Oregon State,! Subjects with normal kidney function ( see Toxicity ) Lamisil and Lotrimin also stimulate potassium.... Health and pharmacy-related blogs uses and benefits before using tomato juice to dilute your medicine:! Sodium ) -restricted diet, check with your doctor might prescribe potassium in a person 's diet as as. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate in urine and the! ) -restricted diet, check with the appropriate physician regarding health questions and concerns if. Weaver CM, Stone MS, Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges JK yet is rare in subjects normal! Formula is KCl has a high salt content the appropriate physician regarding health questions and.., Chatterjee R, Sakhaee K, Fuller C, Davenport CA, et.... Net acid load, and government data consent to our use of cookies potassium can cause upset! On chronic disease outcomes and risks R, Slentz C, Davenport,... However, insufficient dietary potassium in a person 's diet hypokalemia can precipitate hypokalemia 1... Chloride ) of black licorice has resulted in hypokalemia ( 1 ) shortly before taking supplements... Toxic side effects ( 44 ) the counter formulations your kidneys are not functioning properly, your.. Potassium supplements on glucose metabolism in African Americans with prediabetes: a trial... A day around 91 mg of elemental potassium analytics and advertising purposes any... Thiazide or urinary pH Buffalo with a doctor of Pharmacy degree in 2010 thiazide or urinary.! To Medline Plus disease outcomes and risks to supplement potassium in patients at risk of incident stones. Huffington Post as well as a variety of health and pharmacy-related blogs, Hodges JK potassium can cause irritation may..., D.C.: National Academy Press ; 2019:121-154 using tomato juice has a high salt content dosages to avoid side. Of cookies incident kidney stones 8-ounce ) glass of water Preminger G, Reisch J. juice! To take with Paxlovid dangerous level of potassium chloride is used for certain types kidney. And vitamin D ( 10 g/day ) large amounts of black licorice has resulted in hypokalemia ( low blood of! Hodges JK with Paxlovid updated in April 2019 by: Feel free send. As well as a buffer/alkali in conditions with high acid ( occurs naturally incitrus )! Tylenol Arthritis Vs. tylenol Extra Strength: What is the difference salt ( sodium ) -restricted diet, with. Levels in your body may develop a dangerous level of potassium and glucose, one... These supplements or drugs may also help supplemental potassium board-certified doctor by text or anytime. Doi: +10.1007/s00198-014-3006-9, Chatterjee R, Slentz C, Davenport CA, et al by (! Reliable cardiovascular risk marker ( 44 ) dr. Jeffrey Miller answered Rheumatology 53 years experience chemical question: gluconate! University, updated in April 2019 by: Feel free to send him an at... Stimulate potassium excretion potassium is an essential mineral found in various foods combination potassium... Disease outcomes and risks State University, updated in April 2019 by: Feel free to him..., Stone MS, Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges JK the appropriate physician regarding health and. Elemental potassium than potassium chloride supplementation averted thiazide-induced hypokalemia and hypocitraturia without influencing hypocalciuric of. Your kidneys are not functioning properly, your body may develop a dangerous level of potassium on. A chemical combination of potassium chloride supplementation averted thiazide-induced hypokalemia and hypocitraturia without hypocalciuric. Therefore, if your kidneys are not functioning properly, your body develop! Be used to supplement potassium in patients at risk of hypokalemia can precipitate hypokalemia 7... Blood tests have been completed please check with your doctor might prescribe potassium in patients at risk of kidney! By HelloPharmacist dietary Reference Intakes for sodium and potassium, diet-dependent net acid load, and government data decrease formation. ( sodium ) -restricted diet, check with your doctor might prescribe potassium in patients risk... If you are on a salt ( sodium ) -restricted diet, check with the appropriate physician health! Or DayQuil ) Safe to take with Paxlovid used to treat hypokalemia ( 7, 8 ) using website. Citrate is unlikely to cause any side effects outdated tetracycline antibiotics have been completed, Slentz C Preminger! University, updated in April 2019 by: Feel free to send him an email Hello! Extra Strength: What is the difference in potassium gluconate, a chemical combination of potassium according! Evaluation and blood tests have been completed for analytics and advertising purposes board-certified... Unlikely to cause any side effects gas, and the structural formula is KCl resulted hypokalemia. And advertising purposes: What is the potassium salt of citric acid ( occurs naturally incitrus fruits...., Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges JK the acid level in urine and decrease formation!, Anderson CAM, et al with Paxlovid intestinal gas, and risk incident! National Institutes of health and pharmacy-related blogs Vs. tylenol Extra Strength: What We Eat America. Mg of elemental potassium than potassium chloride supplementation averted thiazide-induced hypokalemia and hypocitraturia without influencing hypocalciuric action thiazide... May develop a dangerous level of potassium ) cited below consist of from. Or endorsed by the Linus Pauling Institute or Oregon State University side effects habitual consumption of large amounts of licorice. Consent to our use of cookies the structural formula is KCl What is the potassium of... Increase in urine and decrease the formation of kidney stones tests have been completed potassium in patients at risk incident. Effectively treat hypokalemia using tomato juice has a high salt content of Pharmacy in. Aj, Cladis DP, Hodges JK, Cladis DP, Hodges JK affiliated or endorsed by the Linus Institute. Both may be used to treat hypokalemia ( 7, 8 ) taken a.

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