Handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, shall be at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) from other objects. (The length of a common rafter per foot of run for a 9" unit rise is 15".). Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not be used as working platforms. Ceiling joists are typically installed ___________. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. The ends of stairrail systems and handrails shall be constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part - Stairways and Ladders): Riser height shall be uniform, within inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. The top guy, tie or brace of completed scaffolds shall be placed no further than the 4:1 height from the top. If a load-bearing wall is not present and a flush ceiling is desired, a beam must be installed in the attic and the joists attached to the beam with joist hangers or a ledger. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). The top edge height on supported scaffolds manufactured and placed in service before January 1, 2000, and on all suspended scaffolds where both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system are required shall be between 36 inches (0.9 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m). Canopies, when used for falling object protection, shall comply with the following criteria: Canopies shall be installed between the falling object hazard and the employees. For example, why not settle the case, insist on a consent decree to ensure that the amended policy is implemented, and then go for attorneys fees on the grounds that the plaintiff prevailed because the defendant changed their policy as a result of the litigation? The cutout in the rafter where it meets the exterior wall is the _____________. Also, I am even more fortunate that none of these blog entries in the niche category overlap with each other. A common rafter that is shortened because it meets the hip rafter. In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated hoists shall have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. 5. Mobile scaffolds must have a ___________ to prevent racking. Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes morbidity in about 2.8% of all trauma patients, leaving many with long-term disabilities due to functional loss and causing major socioeconomic costs. The member that prevents a set of trusses from tipping over is called a _____. 3. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches (46 cm), unless it is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. Which of the following is not an OSHA standard for the proper use of scaffolds ? LanguageLine supports thousands of government agencies across North America, helping them to improve communication with LEP persons every day, at all touch points throughout their organization. Supported scaffolds with a height to base width (including outrigger supports, if used) ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means, as follows: Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. Stairrail systems and handrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress. General access scaffolds provide a means of working at height while preventing falls and should be provided whenever practicable. There is no minimum width requirement for boatswains' chairs. Toeboards shall be solid or with openings not over one inch (2.5 cm) in the greatest dimension. II Fork-lifts shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surface. Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). Tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. As a starting point, the U.S. Department of Justices four-factor analysis provides a self-assessment structure: INFOGRAPHIC: How language access enhances understanding, maximizes efficiency, and creates a more positive public image. Why then do we worry about high surface temperatures today? Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking employees below, the following provisions apply: The area below the scaffold to which objects can fall shall be barricaded, and employees shall not be permitted to enter the hazard area; or, Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, paneling or screening extending from the toeboard or platform to the top of the guardrail shall be erected for a distance sufficient to protect employees below; or, A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects; or. Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. The truss assembly must be braced on all three planes. Which of the following are required in order to safely use fabricated frame scaffolds? Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe installation and use. The typical amount that a hip rafter is shortened because of the ridge is, Rafter that runs at a 45 angle from the corner of the wall plate to the ridge. Outrigger beams which are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck shall be secured by tiebacks. LEXIS 168680 (M.D. work load should not exceed 500lbs, no more than two people. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. The employer shall have a competent person determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of access. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). Doing so, can go a long way in showing the court that the defendant's policy ensures that meaningful access is granted to the person with a disability. EO 13166 applies directly to federal agencies and recipients of federal funding. [29 CFR 1926.451 (e) (1)] Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. The steel pipe is fixed supported at its ends. Means an access to a building or plot from an existing public street or road through a road/ street/ pathway. 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Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access. Platforms shall not deflect more than 160 of the span when loaded. That way, regardless of who wins in this category, I cant get an inferiority complex:-), William Goren is one of the countrys foremost authorities on the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The top rail on a scaffold guardrail system should be ______ inches above the platform. Before erecting the scaffold, a number of factors must be accounted for. unit rise multiplied by stud spacing in feet give you, distance hip jack is from nearest outside corner of building. Scaffold planks should be scaffold grade lumber or the equivalent. 1 Thus, peripheral nerve repair is a challenging scientific field with relevant clinical implications. The ladder must extend above the access point to the scaffold platform by at least 1 metre and a one-way self-closing access gate (or where space is tight, trapdoor) should be fitted at the. Note to paragraph (g)(1): The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part. Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component to a level below that required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Scaffold plank must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. During the high point of the Mesozoic era, in fact, the sea surface temperature may have been 31F31^{\circ} \mathrm{F}31F warmer than at present. Bi 09/04/2023 09/04/2023 What is the hip projection, in inches, if the actual common rafter projection is 6"? When midrails are used, they shall be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Where did this requirement come from? Only those items specifically designed as counterweights shall be used to counterweight scaffold systems. The reader is free to focus on any or all of the categories. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Plywood and other rated roof panels are laid with their face grain running ____ to the rafters/trusses for greater strength. Makeshift devices, such as but not limited to boxes and barrels, shall not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the working level height of employees. 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