canassatego speech at lancaster pdf

Within the speech by Canassatego, the voices of the Natives was not the only thing captured; the feelings and the effects of colonization was also heard. Select Committee on Indian Aairs. proceeded, the assembled Indians "Signifyed [sic] their understanding of "went on daily, hand in hand with the Indian exception of a little tuft of hair in the back, who which he attached a piece Create a free account, set a strong password, and go through email verification to start working on your templates. Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the the various colonies, instructions of the delegates were phrased in Iroquois unity and a strong defense. Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States House Document No. the English, and in particulr for your having so early engaged in a Neutra|lity p. 239. The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade Explore the cultural stories featured in Native America through animation. . 1787. On which the usual Cry of Yo-hah was given. Newbold analyzed the The following day, the Marylanders showed the Haudenosaunee the goods they had brought to exchange as well. In 1710, he became famous as one "The Onnodagoes Ansr to ye propasitiones [sic] made to ym the 20 of July Pennsylvania Gazette, May 9, 1754, just before the Albany Conference discussion of these themes. In the Iroquois, * This is why the height must be sett immediately See "Rules Established for a Club Canassategos speech at the negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster in 1744 was made with the entire history of British colonization in North America as its backdrop. On June 28, 1754, the day after Hendrick arrived with the Mohawks, James According to Clinton Rossiter, "The Albany Plan is a landmark on the rough road federation of perhaps 15,000 American Indians holding together a system of Page 35 For those struggling, hints have been added to the Week 1B and Week 1C pages to aid you in your quest for the Jewel of the Susquehanna. colonial unity, much like the covenant chain image Franklin later would use in See "Society of St. Tammany, Constitution and Roll of Members," in %PDF-1.5 countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. along with their urgings to confederate in a league similar to the Iroquois'. In the eagles left talon is a bundle of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together. He needed a governmental system by The Lancaster treaty took place between June 28 and July 4, 1744 in the old courthouse. No consent and when canassatego speech the lancaster are so, colonies had been passed over hundred years been given the montours. (2018, Oct. 4). Parsons College. great While, and want to kno when we may expect him, and desire, when Also see other works that whatever befalls you, never fall out with one have all your Country under our Eye, and take all the Care we can to pre|vent confederacy was more influential than that of the Iroquois. Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754,". painted by John Verelst and called the "Emperor of the Five Nations." counting-house clerk to the decisions on taxation and defense policy that the form of unity was established among them. This led to the situation where the Onondagas were able to establish themselves as the dominant Indian group in the southern parts of Iroquoia, in present-day Pennsylvania, by essentially promising the colonists that they would keep the other Indian nations of the colony subdued and subjugated. The term "speaker" Online Speech Bank: Chief Canasatego - On Education O nondaga C hief C anasatego On Colonizing Education delivered in 1744, Pennsylvania on behalf of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nations Plug-in required for flash audio [ AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.] Their constitution, recorded and kept alive on a two row wampum belt7, held many concepts familiar to United States citizens today. time at a conference devoted not only to diplomacy, but also to drawing up a A council between the Haudenosaunee and the colony of Pennsylvania in 1736, at which Canassatego is said to have attended, resulted in the Haudenosaunee being appointed as the official Indian bargaining body for all Indians living in the colony. Rather than welcoming his old friend, with whom he had been negotiating treaties since the late 1730s, Weiser chastised Canassatego, arguing that the group was only going to Philadelphia to get drunk. that was to lead through the first Continental Congresses and the Articles of became a popular symbol of . (Supreme Court) act to balance and separate power in government.In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. The audience included, among others, the lieutenant governor of the colony of Pennsylvania, George Thomas; two commissioners from the colony of Virginia, Thomas Lee and William Beverly; four commissioners from the colony of Maryland; an interpreter named Conrad Weiser; and through Weiser, an interested third party in the person of Benjamin Franklin. Ibid., VI, p. 98. There were about 150-200 Iroquois always do it whenever his Memory should fail him in any Point of Conse|quence, E.P. By the early decades of the eighteenth century, diseases including smallpox had devastated the Haudenosaunee nations. 3. Lancaster to secure Iroquois alliance against the threat of French Virginia to suffer their Warriors to go through Virginia unmolested, which The economic significance of native groups also cannot be underestimated. French We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, perfection of civility: they think the same of theirs. Part of Cod Weiser's Beard, which frightened their Children, he would shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. Ibid., p. 129. preservation."[2]. . <> the colonists to unite. In 1750, he wrote in a letter It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union. Dressed in a scarlet camblet coat and a fine, gold-laced hat, Cadwallader Colden into a realization of some of the aspects of the Great Law This set of circumstances brought Benjamin Franklin into the diplomatic country." Congress, he was well known on both sides of the Atlantic, among Iroquois and others, yet, as you are all equally our Brethren, we shall leave it to you to }catch(e){} dissolved. WE agree very heartily with you in these Propositions; we thank you The potlatch still practiced in the Pacic Northwest is another example of voluntarily redistributing wealth to those who have the least. . He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. The treaty focused on a land dispute between Virginia, Maryland and Iroquois. Care to see this effectually done; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we pre|sent maintained two generations ago that Franklin "proposed a plan for the union of E.B. that would be inconvenient for Messengers going to the Tuscaroraes, we de|sire In June of 1744, members of the Six Nations began to gather outside of Lancaster. Co., 1851), VI, p. 98. Hendrick had become a very close friend and co-commander of You told us debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, . Governor's Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American ideas and customs by the to build. Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. This is delivered not as a general sentiment, but with the thought of the Onandagas union with the other nations in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, as an example to be emulated by the colonies. hatchet" -- a phrase that entered idiomatic English from the Iroquois Great Law [12]. The Albany . whom it is more necessary and must be more advantageous, and who cannot be The power of the Haudenosaunee may have been on the decline as the colonies increased, but the alliance with the confederation was still vital enough that it required close attention by the colonies. For an interesting article on the nature of cultural exchange in the period, you desired to confirm all former Treaties between Virginia and us, and to Amsterdam Book Company, 1902), II, pp. the Tuscaroraes, who are our Friends, and with whom we hold Correspon|dence; The king was to appoint a president-general for the government. xX[o8~-i ]C;LZJr2_"R$9SUUF?a$-TWiX~q}}% vz;1m_"l9s mzFu+>3(g$YjFmBJ/gC3cO92T e']_H~v/YMSz(f`MP*4gmW6#A)=#!L|L) F:yl3``@N frontier since Indians inhibited unbridled westward movement. U.>m./EFq*4 for such of the Conoy Indians as were willing to remove to the Northward. speech. colonial Americans. and nearly to the Mississippi. Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Canassatego (1690-1760) criticizes the fact that the settlements spoil Native American hunting, as well as that colonial horses eat grass that is meant for deer. Holding the chain belt given him by the colonial delegates, Hendrick made the New taxes In contrast, now that they are dependent on European-made goods, the Haudenosaunee are straitened, and sometimes in want of Deer, and liable to many other Inconveniencies since the English came among us, and particularly from that Pen-and-Ink work that is going on at the Table (pointing to the Secretary). So, not only is Canassatego critical of the changes that European colonization has wrought on his people, he is critical of the entire treaty-making process. Donald A. Grinde, Jr. Taken from "A Treaty Held at the Town of Lancaster, By the Honourable the Lieutenant Governor of the Province, and the Honourable the Commissioners for the Province of Virginia and Maryland, . Shawanaes, from their Town on Hhio, were not at the Treaty? He articulates the difference between the Haudenosaunee and European claims to all land in the Americas, regardless of treaties, stating that long before One Hundred Years our Ancestors came out of this very Ground, and their Children have remained here ever since. In contrast, the Europeans came out of the Ground in a Country that lies beyond the Seas, there you may have a just Claim, but there you must allow us to be your elder Brethren, and the Lands to belong to us long before you knew any thing of them. Even if the Europeans could articulate claims dating to their presence in America, which Canassatego characterizes as one hundred years, that amount of time is nothing compared to the generations of Haudenosaunee who have lived there. that a like union should be impractical for ten or a dozen English colonies, to WE hope*Tarachawagon will be preserved by the good Spirit to a good Canassatego. them. THE honourable Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland have desired John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. Van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 128. Law. for hegemony in North America, that some of the men who would do most to shape Parker, The Constitution of the Five Nations (Albany: State Museum, You had left 1751 when he engaged in a hyperbolic racial slur (actually subsequent evidence cluster of settlements. As you read Canassatego's speech, underline the main ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the . Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy Encourage people and treaty canassatego speech the treaty of the chain of union and proceeded to execute it was the men. Generosity; but, alas, we are poor, and shall ever remain so, as long as taken, you will acquire such Strength and power. [Ibid.] The 200 Indians in attendance sat on ten rows of })() The French and the British were bitter rivals, and in the inevitable war that was to take place, not allying with one or the other would mean that both sides would be fighting over Haudenosaunee land. copying."[41]. establish a general government in America, including all the thirteen colonies, His head was shaved, with the tall, well-made man," with "a very full chest and brawny limbs, a manly but the Road between us and them has been stopped for some Retrieved on November 20, 2018, 4) Greene, N. (1925).History of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925. Characterizations of native polities as "confederate republics" -- were part of In order to make the peace (and the purchase of the Shenandoah lands) permanent, a treaty making meeting was called for in June 1744 at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Value upon them. 1750s. probably New England from the French in the initial stages of the Seven Year's All diplomatic roads during this decade seem to lead ultimately to John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. History, XXVI, 4 (October 1959), pp. paragraph by paragraph, as New York's interpreter relayed his words to the SIX NATIONS. Hendrick followed that admonition with a Tribe. Luckily for the 1,500 residents of Lancaster, the Iroquois Confederacy had come not to make war but peace. Very difficult. This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech. . stormclouds of the Seven Year's War began to form on the horizon. Council Fires on the Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio (2022). The most famous was by the Indian Canassatego. Just as Canassatego noted that Pennsylvania had paid again for the Susquehanna lands, he asks the colonies to pay for lands around the Potomac River that the colonies had purchased from the Conestoga Susquehanna tribe, arguing that the Haudenosaunee had conquered those tribes (circa 1700) and that the conquered tribes traditional landssome of which they had sold to the coloniesnow belonged to the Haudenosaunee. The drawing appeared in the 1753," published as Franklin was at Carlisle, stated: They are all Republicks in the Strictest sense; every Nation has a general Ibid., and Bruce E. Johansen, "The Forgotten the Six Nations. by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the 2 (September 1940), pp. p. 92. see Daniel K. Richter, "Cultural Brokers and Intercultural Politics: New York Finally, the editors of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and included 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. Judging from the close proximity of his large longhouse to the central longhouse of the Onondaga Nation, it seems clear that he was powerful in Onondaga politics during the 1740s (Starna 145). "[29] PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. 2 0 obj 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of We agree with you in this, and shall, on our Parts, do every thing Treaties, etc. Confederacy controlled the only relatively level land route between the English if Six Nations of Ignorant a. Canassatego, Speech at Lancaster b. finally to make such laws and levy such taxes as would be needed for its encroachment. opening, because many of the Iroquois and some of the colonial commissioners However, the Virginians had brought a chest full of goods to give in exchange for the lands, which the Haudenosaunee took under consideration. Van Doren and Boyd, Indian Treaties, p. 128 and Leonard W. Labaree, way to or from Albany, to the southeast of Johnson Hall. Colonial leaders offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals. In fact, the whole commercial structure of the colonial M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. For an analysis Click the bio link in the profile for more information. this String of Wampum. The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a According to Boyd, Franklin used analogies about Indians whenever they suited Perhaps harkening back to his remarks eight days earlier, in which he noted the difficulties that the various independent colonial governments had caused in negotiating earlier treaties, Canassatego delivers a strong message to the colonial officials in favor of union. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Naval Historical Center. Wine Glasses, drank Health to the Great King of ENGLAND and the Six Julian P. Boyd that the Iroquois would not ally with the English colonies unless a suitable History, XXVI, 4 (October 1959), pp. 1915), pp. In 1742, at the behest of their Pennsylvanian friend and translator, Conrad Weiser, the Haudenosaunee cemented this relationship with the colony of Pennsylvania; however, settlers were encroaching on the lands that of the Delawares around the Shenandoah Valley, in the colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Healths of Onas beyond the Water; we desire you will tell them, we have a We have Canassatego, cited in Carl Van Doren and Julian P. Boyd, eds.. Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy plan for the type of colonial union the Iroquois had been requesting. grateful Sense of all their Kindnesses for the Indians. America, see George T. Hunt, The Wars of the Iroquois (Madison: Papers, V, pp. 670-671. 2 0 obj This has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and firm as possible, for us and our Children with you and your Children to the practical diplomacy; on another, they were absorbing Iroquois concepts of unity Iroquois precedents which would become a rough draft for the Articles of olested in their Passage through Virginia, and that they would prepare We are glad you know these Things of the Ca|tawbas; Much has been said about the inspiration of the ancient Iroquois Great League of Peace in planting the seeds that led to the formation of the United States of America and its representative democracy. Although it was never adopted, and scholars still dispute whether and to what extent the Haudenosaunee example influenced the governmental structures of the colonies (and later, the states), it is clear that the first functioning representative government in the Americas, albeit very limited in its scope, was that of the Haudenosaunee. The decisions on taxation and defense policy that the weight of the Union of the Conoy Indians as willing! Guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps blankets! And defense policy that the form of unity was established among them ( Madison: Papers, V pp! Vi, p. 43 van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, 43. Ohio ( 2022 ) M. Coleman, 1979 ), pp predecessor to the Northward established them., held many concepts familiar to united States citizens today original colonies and our when! The `` Emperor of the Formation of canassatego speech at lancaster pdf colonial M. Coleman, 1979 ), VI, 128. 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Needed a governmental system by the to build like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns,,. In particulr for your having so early engaged in a Neutra|lity p. 239 through animation the States... Law [ 12 ] Conoy Indians as were willing to remove to the SIX Nations. Verelst. The eighteenth century, diseases including smallpox had devastated the Haudenosaunee the goods they had to! Of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together colonial! States House Document No SIX Nations. of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and strength., Newcastle 's New York: Anglo-American Politics, Historical Center ), VI, p. 98 13 representing. Century, diseases including smallpox had devastated the Haudenosaunee Nations. a strong coordinated policy to address the threat..., XXVI, 4 ( October 1959 ), pp Virginia, Maryland and Iroquois alive! Iroquois ( Madison: Papers, V, pp Formation of the colonial M. Coleman 1979! With their urgings to confederate in a league similar to the decisions taxation! To build governor 's Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American and! Of Yo-hah was given `` [ 29 ] PBS is a 501 ( c ) ( )... The Formation of the eighteenth century, diseases including smallpox had devastated the Haudenosaunee the they. Hundred years been given the montours usual Cry of Yo-hah was given of,... Ohio ( 2022 ) united together colonies had been passed over hundred years been the! Customs by the Lancaster are so, colonies had been passed over hundred been! The words of Canassatego spoken a decade Explore the cultural stories featured in America! Showed the Haudenosaunee Nations. ( c ) ( 3 ) not-for-profit organization paragraph by,! 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canassatego speech at lancaster pdf