purple tongue dog death

In this situation, there isnt enough oxygen in the blood stream to cause the affected area to turn purple. They may be seen in dogs of any age but are seen most frequently in dogs 6 years of age or older. This condition should be treated as soon as possible by a veterinarian. Many dogs "hide" when they are sick. If primary heart or lung disease is present, the long-term outlook may be very guarded. However, occasionally we might see other hues on our pets tongue. Pomeranians naturally have pink tongues, but some dogs may show purple-toned tongues or bluish spots. There are some breeds of dogs that have completely black tongues, such as the Chow Chow. Inflammation of the tongue, or Glossitis, can cause the color to change. A mucocele under the tongue may not be seen until it is traumatized and bleeds. The articles published on this blog are for informational purposes only. In most cases, purple tongues in dogs are caused by pigmentation and may appear as purple spots instead of a solid color. Set up your myVCA account today. . Some Rottweilers may appear to have purple tongues due to dark spots or blotches of pigmentation. Dogs get almost every disease that humans get including diabetes, heart disease, lung disease and cancer. Dogs may also exhibit weakness after exercise or develop fluid buildup in the chest or legs. Toxic Ingestion. 1. Changes in tongue color can indicate the presence of an underlying health issue. Chow Chow puppies are actually born with pink tongues. Treatment must include managing the underlying problem that led to cyanosis in the first place. They are known for their unmatched loyalty to their owners. Here are seven breeds that surprisingly have purple tongues: The first on the list of 7 dogs breeds with purple tongues is the Chow Chow. This is actually far more common than you might think. If the tongue, gums and the mucous membranes in the mouth have turned purplish or blue it could be an indication of cyanosis. A tissue biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. However, if this pigmentation has formed later in your pets life, it would be best to schedule a consultation with your vet as this may be a health concern. Essential Tips, Are perianal tumors in dogs painful? However, it isnt surprising to find one with purple or spotted tongues. Oxygen therapy, removing fluid from the chest (to relieve pressure on the lungs that prevents them from inflating), or creating an opening in the windpipe to facilitate breathing may be needed. Most of our furry friends usually have pink tongues. Other Possible Medical Reasons. If you suspect that your dogs tongue is purple due to health concerns, make sure that they are taken to a veterinary professional for the appropriate action. Because of their aggressive nature, these tumors should be surgically removed. The presence of cyanosis means there is an emergency and demands immediate care to stabilize the dog to improve oxygen levels in the blood and tissues. Malcolm Weir, DVM, MSc, MPH; Robin Downing, DVM, DAAPM, DACVSMR, CVPP, CRPP, Contributors: Malcolm Weir, DVM, MSc, MPH; Robin Downing, DVM, DAAPM, DACVSMR, CVPP, CRPP. Further, the dots on their tongues may be purple or blue-black. Tumors in the mouth and upper throat may be either benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The houseplant Dieffenbachia may cause oral inflammation and sores if chewed. Radiation treatment may help to minimize disfigurement if there are large tumors. Xerostomia is a dry mouth caused by decreased secretion of saliva. It might be a serious health concern that needs addressing directly. Aside from their purple tongue, Shar-Peis are regarded for their wrinkled skin, broad muzzle, sunken eyes, and triangular ears. In addition, medications may help delay clinical signs or make them milder. place your pup on his side and gently pull out his tongue in order to . These animals often have a scar across the back of the tongue, outlining the path of the electrical cord. A Chow Chows purple tongue is one of its most distinct characteristics. A purple tongue may also be seen in Kawasaki disease. Infections that have been associated with oral inflammation include canine distemper virus and leptospirosis. There are also certain symptoms accompanying purple tongue in dogs, which are the following: Tiredness. If your dog has a purple tongue, he or she may have cyanosis, which is a very serious ailment for dogs. While this method is not ideal for respiratory distress, it can be a fast first step in a situation where more oxygen is needed. The tongue is the first indicator of a dogs health. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. What Can Dogs NOT Eat? If discomfort is severe and you are unable to brush the teeth, extraction of the adjacent teeth may be necessary to remove the contact surfaces on which plaque accumulates. If necessary, a veterinarian can remove the warts surgically. ZooAwesome is not intended as replacement to any veterinarian advice. But do you think purple tongues make dogs special? When this happens, he will lose consciousness and will show restlessness and an extended neck. Other nervous system influences on breathing and potential cyanosis include paralysis or poisoning. The inside of a dogs mouth the tongue, teeth, and gums can provide a pretty good indication of their general health. The exact reason why some of them have purple tongues is unknown. As you can imagine, these need to be treated rather urgently. The disease first appears as reddening and swelling of the gum edges, which are painful, bleed easily, and may lead to receding gums. It is an uncommon cause of oral inflammation in dogs. Bluey was obtained as a puppy in 1910 and worked among cattle and sheep for nearly 20 years. But this weekend the 22-year-old TikTok favorite from Louisiana took the shock factor to a . It is common for a dog to have its tongue hanging out after death if it doesn't get enough oxygen. Fistulas are abnormal paths or openings between 2 organs in the body or from an organ inside the body to the body surface. However, a Rottie with a completely purple tongue is a rare find. It is important to follow homecare instructions very carefully, and to seek veterinary care if something does not seem right. accumulation of blood or fluid in the sac surrounding the heart (the pericardium), high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension), destruction of the red blood cells by the bodys own immune system (immune mediated hemolytic anemia, or IMHA), abnormal narrowing of the trachea from birth. The heart is the main organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A dog can die with its tongue out due to a heart attack or a r espiratory attack. When the body does not get enough oxygen, it's common for the dog's tongue to hang out upon its death. If you are sure that this is unusual for your pet and know they havent been fed any snacks that may have caused staining of the tongue, then the best thing to do is get them to the vet. Aside from this, owners should know how much to feed a Chow and its initial costs. An abnormal opening in the heart valve may lead to low oxygen levels. Theyre recognized for their specific darkish tongues. They are affectionate, playful, and noble dogs. Because of their numerous similarities, Shar-Peis are often bred together with Chows. Required fields are marked *. In very rare cases, we can see purple tongues. Other potential factors are stress, excess use of corticosteroids, and poor nutrition. They can become quite large. They are suitable for a variety of owners due to their well-balanced personalities. Short-term moist inflammation of the lips and face may develop if the skin is not kept as dry as possible. Rottweilers are undeniably popular and excellent companions, giving them a hefty price tag. As with most bruises, the issue will usually resolve itself. There are few reasons a dog has a purple tongue which is not a veterinary emergency, apart from dogs which naturally have a purple or blue tongue. Dogs show affection by licking people and sometimes other dogs. If you can rule that out, you should take your pup to be checked out. Specially formulated mouthwashes can often help relieve the discomfort that results from this condition. Signs of inflamed salivary glands include fever, depression, and painful, swollen salivary glands. Even though death is often sudden, we can't help wondering if our canine friends sense that death is imminent. Tibetan Mastiffs rarely appear with purple tongues, but they are prone to having dark blotches or spots that may look purple. If there are abscesses, these are normally drained and antibiotics given. Chow Chows typically have low energy, and even though they do not need much exercise or physical activity, they still need an owner who would understand their temperaments. Dogs with or without purple tongues are adorable. These areas can include the groin, abdomen, paws and the tips and inside of the ears. Occasionally, surgical removal of the infected salivary gland is required. Generally, they have a calm temperament but can sometimes be aloof towards strangers. First, it can indicate that he has a foreign object lodged in his throat. Your email address will not be published. But, the dogs are highly uncomfortable in front of strangers. Only a few breeds have purple tongues. It is rare for Pomeranians to have purple tongues, but those born with this characteristic usually exhibit a dark purple tinge rather than a solid purple one. If you observed the burn yourself, provide the details to your veterinarian. Also see professional content regarding mouth disorders Diseases of the Mouth in Small Animals . In severe cases, however, your dog may be suffering from a condition known as hypoxia. In some cases, these other injuries can be life-threatening. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'oxfordpets_com-leader-1','ezslot_3',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-oxfordpets_com-leader-1-0'); Tibetan Mastiff has thick fur with a reddish color. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Introduction to Digestive Disorders of Dogs, Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Digestive System of Dogs, Disorders of the Pharynx (Throat) in Dogs, Disorders of the Stomach and Intestines in Dogs, Disorders Caused by Bacteria in the Digestive System of Dogs, Disorders Caused by Protozoa in the Digestive System of Dogs, Pancreatitis and Other Disorders of the Pancreas in Dogs, Disorders of the Liver and Gallbladder in Dogs, Last review/revision May 2018 | Modified Oct 2022. Your vet can also prescribe medicines for your dog to help him avoid certain risks associated with heart disease. For most breeds, a pink tongue indicates good health while purple, red, yellow, black, and/or a pale tongue is a sign of an underlying/undetected health issue. Like their tongues, a Border Collie may come in different coat colors, such as blue, red merle, or tri-color. Post-death reflexes Bladder/bowel emptying Lack of heartbeat 15 Signs and Symptoms That a Dog Is Dying Each of these signs and symptoms is explored in more depth below. There are several different conditions involving the cardiovascular/circulatory system and/or the respiratory system that can lead to cyanosis. If you notice a weird staining of your pets tongue, the most likely culprit is something they have eaten or been chewing on. In many areas, government regulations prohibit this practice. Treatment generally consists of treatment for gum disease, tooth extractions, professional cleaning of wounds, oral hygiene, antibiotics, and oral antiseptics. Picking up food, chewing, and swallowing require a complex interaction of the muscles of the jaw, the teeth, the tongue, and the upper throat. Only a few breeds have purple tongues. What does it mean if a dog's tongue is purple? The cause for this tongue color is similar to Shar-Pei and chow chow breeds: that is, attention of pigment cells in the tongue. Proper dental care, including preventive methods like tooth brushing, can help keep your dogs teeth and gums healthy read more ), is the most common oral problem in small animals. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. However, there are also more serious causes of blue tongues in dogs. Complete gland and duct removal is often recommended for mucoceles in the throat to avoid the possibility of future life-threatening airway obstruction. Unlike other breeds, a genetic defect may be the reason for a Poms purple tongue. Yes, it can be completely normal for a dog to have black spots on the tongue. So check the toy box for signs of a chew with purple dye that may have transferred to your pets mouth as they gnawed. But despite their dangerous appearance, they are very affectionate and loving with their parents. Shar PeiAkitaChow chowGerman ShepherdRottweilerKorean JindoBorder ColliePomeranianTibetan Mastiff, Norwegian ElkhoundSamoyedPomeranianSiberian HuskyKeeshondShiba InuAkita. Symptoms include decreased breathing and pale tissue. If your veterinarian suspects that the tumor has spread, nearby lymph nodes and the lungs may be evaluated as well. Blood with low levels of oxygen may be shunted from the right side of the heart to the left, mixing with blood that has high levels of oxygen, which reduces the oxygen level before the blood is pumped out to the rest of the body. When they do occur, the cause may be an injury to the salivary glands in the lower jaw, the cheeks or face, or under the tongue. Often conditions that are linked to purpling of the tongue are to do with a lack of oxygen in the body, and most especially in the bloodstream. It can be easy to see the color of a Rottweilers tongue as they usually have their tongues out. The purple tongue may also be a sign of a more serious condition, called pneumothorax, which occurs when the dogs chest has been damaged by a trauma. Spread to nearby lymph nodes and the lungs is common. When the tongue is not naturally purple, it could be a sign of illness or other problems. However, if you notice the problem getting worse, or if its causing your dog issues with eating, then they might need to see the vet. Sometimes, dogs will have purple tongues if they eat foods containing beetroot or toxins. Blue. Because of this, owners can quickly spot any unusual pigmentation or color. When a dog is having trouble breathing, oxygen therapy can help. Infection may be treated with an appropriate antibiotic. This is the most common salivary gland disorder of dogs. If recovery is not complete within a few days, or if the infection recurs, your veterinarian will want to do laboratory tests on a tissue sample and a biopsy. Finding a dog with a purple tongue is challenging. Squamous cell carcinomas affecting the tonsils spread rapidly and have a poor outlook. Purdue University Survey He or she will also run a blood gas analysis to determine the level of oxygen in the blood. Some Rottweilers may have blue or purple tongues because of either patches or darkish pigmentation spots.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'oxfordpets_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-oxfordpets_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'oxfordpets_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_7',119,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-oxfordpets_com-large-leaderboard-2-0_1');.large-leaderboard-2-multi-119{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. The signs depend on the site of saliva accumulation. The cause of this disease is an immune system dysfunction that results in an excessive inflammatory response to dental plaque. Fortunately, it can be prevented or treated with a series of precautionary measures. It may be due to infection, irritation, wounds, disease, chemicals, or other causes such as electrical burns or insect stings. The saliva may be tinged with blood. But in some cases, there can be some medical conditions attached.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'oxfordpets_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',139,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-oxfordpets_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'oxfordpets_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_5',139,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-oxfordpets_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-139{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Beloved pets were frequently mummified and placed into tombs with their owners. Is it possible for dogs to sense death? Other signs include enlarged and painful salivary glands, weight loss, drooling, retching, gagging, regurgitating, vomiting, frequent swallowing, lip smacking, coughing, and trouble breathing. Necrotizing sialometaplasia (also called salivary gland necrosis or infarction) causes abnormal changes and death of the tissues of the salivary gland. Cyanosis occurs due to lowered oxygen in the blood. Fistulas involving the salivary glands in dogs and cats are rare. It might take the form of patches, solid color on the tongue, or a birthmark-like appearance. The condition is potentially life-threatening and may require medical attention. The mouth lining and corners of the lip are most frequently affected, but the roof and back of the mouth can also be involved. Lip fold dermatitis is a chronic skin inflammation that occurs in breeds with drooping upper lips and lower lip folds (such as spaniels, English Bulldogs, and Saint Bernards). Having a Chow Chow as one of their ancestors makes Eurasiers inherit its purple tongue. It takes active muscle control to close the eyes. Some animals have a tongue with a deep central groove, which often becomes filled with hairs that act as an irritant. Early diagnosis can lead to a faster and more effective treatment. A complete oral examination should be a part of your animals physical examination, because oral diseases are most effectively treated with early diagnosis. In turn, it boosts oxygen supply to the bodys tissues, thus allowing it to function normally. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? 6. However, many dogs seem to not mourn or seek any closure from seeing a deceased companion. If your dog's tongue feels extra warm when they lick you, it's likely because the normal body temperature for dogs is 101.0 to 102.5F (38.3 to 39.2C). Chow Chow dogs are known for their dramatic-looking blue-purple tongues. Poms with purple or bluish tongues may be suffering from congenital methemoglobinemia or a disorder that causes the blood to carry less oxygen than normal. A dogs heart and lungs will be supported by oxygen therapy, which is administered through a face mask. It is suspected that a neurologic abnormality causes the condition, and it can be treated with a medication used for other neurologic abnormalities. While excess pigmentation does not cause medical problems, purple, blue and black discoloration of the tongue can be a sign of health problems in a dog with a normally pink tongue. The area will then be gently cleaned and dried. Veterinarians diagnose the condition by ruling out other causes of the signs. Find Out Here, What do I do when my dog is begging for attention? If the animal has only a reddened mouth lining without tissue damage, it may require no treatment other than a soft or liquid diet until the soreness has healed. Most dog owners worry when they encounter dog breeds with purple tongues because its an uncommon feature. In dogs, the term is typically used to either define a collapsing episode (more accurately termed as syncope or loss of consciousness) or to describe sudden death of an animal in terms that people can understand. This is the most common reason for a dog dying with its tongue out. The border collie is white on the lower body. Additional signs included weight loss, reluctance to exercise, snorting, lip smacking, discharge from the nose, drooling, decreased appetite, and depression. Oxygen therapy is an important way to improve a dogs quality of life. Overall, dogs with purple tongues are pretty unique, and they are surely interesting to own. It is worse coping with the death of a pet when the animal appears to be healthy. However, a word of caution dogs who have purple tongues seem to be more prone to having doggy breath, so be prepared! However, thanks to its hunting and sports prowess, it is gradually gaining popularity. In a salivary mucocele, saliva accumulates under the skin after damage to the salivary duct or gland. Its tongue may also be gray, bluish-gray, or blue. In severe cases, topical anti-inflammatory preparations may provide comfort. In some cases, the dog may require oxygen therapy. As large and active dogs, it helps them cool down and regulate their body temperature. Gum disease Gum Disease Many of the dental disorders of dogs are similar to those found in people. This is due to the stress that is put on the body and how difficult it is for the dog to move. Chow Chow - has a purple tongue or purple-spotted tongue. Stomatitis: Another health issue that influences a dog's tongue is stomatitis. What Does It Mean If a Dogs Tongue Is Purple? Due to their history of herding, they are known to be loyal both to their work and to their owners. The underlying cause may be within or near the mouth, or it can be a sign of a more general condition. Despite being one of the costliest purebred dogs in the market today, Akitas are still popular among dog owners due to their personality, size, and relatively long lifespan. Although they appear intimidating due to their size, Tibetan Mastiffs are gentle and calm around the house. Purple tongue: Unless your dog is one of the three breeds that normally has a purplish-blue tongue, it probably lacks oxygen in its blood or is not getting enough circulation. As they mature, the color begins to change and fully develops once they turn six months old. The tongues of Border Collies, an active breed, are frequently seen hanging out of their mouths. The spots and blotches on a Tibetan Mastiffs tongue also tend to stand out as their tongues are almost the size of a small dog! Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam on your dog, looking for additional symptoms. They are naturally curious, which makes them quite intelligent and trainable. Discomfort caused by the ulcers can make it difficult to brush your pets teeth and give oral medications. Log in 24/7 to access your pets health care information. It removes the fluid from the chest and creates an opening to pass the oxygen. Treatment of lip fold dermatitis includes clipping the hair, cleaning the folds 1 to 2 times a day with benzoyl peroxide or a mild skin cleanser, and keeping the area dry. Infectious cheilitis that has spread from a location away from the mouth usually improves with treatment of the primary spot, but treatment of the lip area also is necessary. A Complete Guide. This condition can be triggered by exposure to toxic chemicals, a cut, or a piercing. It is important to keep your dog indoors when it is cold outside. Though they are gentle, it may take them time to make friends and get along with other pets. Excessive salivation has 2 main causes: either the animal is producing too much saliva (a condition called ptyalism), or the animal cannot effectively swallow the saliva that is produced. Blue tongue may be indicative. The tongue can turn blue due to the lack of oxygen indicating it has something to do with the respiratory system. In this way, as well as being a serious condition in itself, it may help with the diagnosis of problems such as heart disease. This can become a prolonged issue and that causes the body to see a rapid reduction in oxygen. It might be due to some health problem. Best Dog GPS Trackers of 2021: Explained and Reviewed, Dog Diarrhea: A Helpful Guide for Doodles, Essential Puppy Vaccine Schedule Chart Week By Week. It is usually thought to be associated with other oral diseases, longterm antibiotic treatment, or a suppressed immune system. A pet owner who loves to share useful facts and information about a variety of animals. All of a sudden, with no real prior warning, his face started to swell and he lost control of his tongue. The Website Is Run And Managed By A Community Of Enthusiasts Informative About Pets. If a fistula is the problem, surgery is often required. So, similar to bruising on peoples skin, your dog may have injured their tongue in some way trapped it under or between something or even bitten down on it. If the animal is weak and unable to eat well for a prolonged period, tube feeding may also be required. Always consult with a licensed and credible veterinarian for pet related concerns. A dog with a burn to the mouth may hesitate to eat or drink, drool, or resent handling of its mouth or face. Bad breath, reluctance to eat, and excessive drooling are common. Such wounds can easily become infected. Dogs die with their eyes open. Your email address will not be published. This can help the veterinarian diagnose the exact problem. He will also take verbal histories and ask questions to make sure youre not imagining anything. Low oxygen levels in dogs can be caused by a number of medical conditions, including cardiac failure. Mild inflammation may require no treatment. Although uncommon, this could also be another cause of your pal not getting enough oxygen. It may be due to infection, irritation, wounds, disease, chemicals, or other causes such as electrical burns or insect stings. Surgical removal of the excess tissue prevents further injury. A dogs mouth has gums, tongues, and teeth. Certain foods, snacks, and even new toys may cause a purple tongue. The animal may paw at its mouth and, due to pain, resent or resist any attempt to examine its mouth. The most straightforward form of oxygen therapy is flow-by oxygen. Mixed breed dogs might have colored spots on their tongues. Dogs can develop a purple tongue for a variety of reasons, including heredity, illness, environment, and food. Share your thoughts about dogs with purple tongues in the comments! Sometimes a blue tongue in a dog can be an indication of a condition called cyanosis. The rest of the body is covered with brown-shaded fur. This relatively uncommon disease of dogs is characterized by severe inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), ulceration, and death of the tissue lining the mouth. It can be an indication of their breed or an underlying health issue that needs immediate attention. Some border collies have a blue tongue, and others have blue-black and blue-purple spots. The Akita is a canine initially from Japan and honored there for its loyalty and courage. They routinely invade nearby tissues including bone. The fur may also need to be clipped. The primary function of the mouth is to obtain and introduce food into the digestive tract. Nonetheless, owners should exercise due diligence and ensure that theyre getting their pups from reputable breeders. This genetic defect is caused by a mutation in their CYB5R3 gene, which can be found in most Pomeranians across the globe, particularly in Japan and Australia. This condition is often an early symptom of cancer, so it is important to know whats causing it and what you can do to help your pet. Tumors removed by surgery alone tend to recur, so radiation treatment, with or without surgery, is often recommended. It takes active muscle control to close the eyes. Usually, Chow Chows are born with pink tongues, but their tongue changes to purple when they reach 8 to 10 weeks old. However, the blue-black/purple tongue can also be found on the Shar Pei. To cure this, oxygen therapy is the best. What happens when a dogs tongue turns purple? The canine is recognized for its blue or purple tongue is the Chow Chow. General causes of sudden death can be grouped according to the organ system involved: Heart diseases Cancer Respiratory failure Trauma Acute infections Toxins may also be involved but no one toxin is more likely to have caused a dogs death than others. Especially if your pup goes into anaphylactic shock. This type of oxygen therapy does not require a mask and is administered directly into the animals airway. If your dog has a purple tongue and you all of a sudden notice a few black spots or pink coloring, seek advice from a veterinarian to rule out any fitness problems. Treatment will depend upon the underlying reason for the low oxygen levels. For this reason, thorough plaque control through professional cleaning and excellent home oral hygiene (including twice daily tooth brushing) may resolve the problem. The most common problems that cause this are respiratory problems, heart problems and obstructions in the larynx. Occasionally, an abscessed gland discharges pus into the surrounding tissue or the mouth. This type of damage occurs in a similar way to bruising in the human body. Pigment concentrations cause purple blotches in a German Shepherds tongue. So find out what is permitted in your area before you bury your dog. Due to their strength, Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are best suited for owners with large outdoor spaces and homes in rural areas. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published.

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