ddr phy basics

>> endobj <> xb```f``e`202 +P#AQA%Ci^\% _s20h/XO@esM S AY>M}o6MYnSbQw[)&:y%_tbtRbf0;LJ$+yBD62_U.$z,vls:bx3YSaF-p`D@ digTe76,_7^#`~_Pt2Ic7#C$]xQ\9|^DZfU+`)]/{">V>H]-:::0A D8# 20p@FDBP0.Ae(QPP%n2rq(F%%W0CRL&4BCC2`:CYJ$]e@T.0S#7]RZ 9-U` ` r 23 0 obj >> :~VMkS&+7,`hl hY`yBYUM\}kF_*uZJU6y.Q. /Contents [199 0 R 200 0 R] /Creator (PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2) 0000001386 00000 n << This step is also referred to as CAS - Column Address Strobe. 0000002008 00000 n endobj /Parent 8 0 R Let's try to make some more sense of the above table by hand-calculating two of the sizes. /Rotate 90 [ 22 0 R] What this means is, in DDR3 Vdd/2 is used as the voltage reference to decide if the DQ signal is 0 or 1. endobj Address and Burst Length Generation, 9.1.3.5. SDRAM Controller Subsystem Block Diagram, 4.4. endobj The DDR PHY IP is engineered to quickly and easily integrate into any system-on-chip (SoC) and is verified with the Denali DDR Controller IP as part of a complete memory subsystem solution. endobj Powered by. << /Resources 168 0 R HBM3 PHY: HBM3/ 9600Mbps: DFI 5.0: Design in 5-nm and below that requires high-performance 2.5D HBM3 SDRAM support up to 9600 Mbps . endobj The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. /Resources 162 0 R >> In this case you'll have a single DRAM chip soldered on the board but internally within the package it'll have a stack of 2 dies. The course focus on teaching DDR3, DDR4, timing diagrams, training sequence, DDR controller design concepts and DDRPHY concepts. >> /Type /Page 1st step activates a row, 2nd step reads or write to the memory. The new specification completely transitions to PHY-independent training mode where the PHY trains the memory interface without involving the controller. >> However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. >> /Count 10 << There are no re strictions on how thes e signals are received, If tDQSS is violated and falls outside the range, wrong data may be written to the memory. << DDR PHY design by logicatoms on Oct 28, 2015 Quote: logicatoms Posts: 5 Joined: Apr 26, 2015 Last seen: Sep 8, 2016 I have couple of questions regarding design and implementation of DDR PHY. {"C{Sr Command signals are clocked only on the rising edge of the clock. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents [178 0 R 179 0 R] . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] %PDF-1.5 Beyond supporting the latest DDR and LPDDR memory technologies, we have introduced significant improvements to the interface to improve low power, interoperability, and interface interactions., Adopting open and standard interfaces like the new DFI 5.0 specification for high-speed memory controller and PHY interface allows AMD to efficiently and effectively adopt new memory standards as we deliver high-performance products to our customers. >> Basics PHYSICAL ORGANIZATION . /Kids [6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R] In a device such as a network switch or router, there could be changes in Voltage and Temperature during its course of operation. Nios II-based Sequencer SCC Manager, 1.7.1.4. /Type /Page This important phase is called Read/Write Training (or Memory Training or Initial Calibration) wherein the controller (or PHY), This section is about the following circle in the state machine. Going a level deeper, this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks. /Kids [53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R] This means that DDR4-3200 CAS 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is . AMD is pleased to contribute to the DFI 5.0 standard and push for interoperability., Cadence has been a key contributor to the DFI 5.0 standard, which helps to ensure interoperability between DDR PHYs and DDR controllers, particularly for future memory devices, said Marc Greenberg, group director, product marketing, DDR, HBM, flash/storage and MIPI IP. /Contents [193 0 R 194 0 R] 36 0 obj One other DRAM variety you may come across is a "Dual-Die Package" or DDP. DFI Specification 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 3.1 4.0 5.0, 5.1. The DFI specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. Sign in here. The controller is responsible for initialization, data movement, conversion and bandwidth management. In order to tune these resistors to exactly 240, each DRAM has. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. /Resources 108 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] The above steps are repeated for each of the DQ data bits, Initiates a continuous stream of WRITEs and READs, Incrementally changes write delay of the data bits, Compares the data read back to the data written. /Rotate 90 DDR Training. Basics Read Timing for Conventional DRAM Row Address Column Valid Dataout RAS CAS Address DQ Row Address Column Valid . To keep the signal integrity and data access reliable, some of the parameters that were trained during initialization and read/write training have to be re-run. 25 0 obj Collect the dimensions of the library cells in that group. Reading data into the Sense Amplifiers is equivalent to opening/pulling out the file drawer. The industry is beginning to embrace new low-power and DDR memory technologies, including high-performance devices such as servers, storage, and networking; autonomous vehicles; and low-power handheld devices and IoT, stated John MacLaren, DFI Group chairman and Cadence design engineering architect. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 30 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 3>> >> /Resources 207 0 R /Parent 6 0 R /Parent 7 0 R The DDR PHY handles re-initialization after a deep power down. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents [130 0 R 131 0 R] /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Page The exact physical dimensions dictated by the I/Os and abutment macros. Do you work for Intel? /Type /Page The figure below zooms into one 240 leg of the DQ circuit and shows 5 p-channel devices connected to the poly-resistor. endobj /Parent 8 0 R >> Nios II-based Sequencer RW Manager, 1.7.1.5. Sreenivas, Founder, VLSI Guru. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] The following sections go into more detail about what the controller does when you enable each of these algorithms. The clock runs at half of the DDR data rate and is distributed to all memory chips. <> News the global electronics community can trust, The trusted news source for power-conscious design engineers, News for Electronics Purchasing and the Supply Chain, The can't-miss forum engineers and hobbyists, News, technologies, and trends in the electronics industry, Product news that empowers design decisions, Design engineer' search engine for electronic components, The electronic components resource for engineers and purchasers, The design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Where makers and hobbyists share projects, The design site for electronics engineers and engineering managers, The learning center for future and novice engineers, The educational resource for the global engineering community, Where electronics engineers discover the latest toolsThe design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Brings you all the tools to tackle projects big and small - combining real-world components with online collaboration. The DRAM sub system comprises of the memory, a PHY layer and a controller. David Maliniak joined Teledyne LeCroy in 2012 after more than 30 years as a writer/editor in the electronics B2B press, most of which was spent at Electronic Design covering EDA and T&M. The specification is designed to be used by developers of both memory controllers and PHY designs, but does not place any restrictions on the how the memory controller interfaces to the system design, or how the PHY interfaces to the memory devices. 18 0 obj /Rotate 90 Whats All This About Unbounded Jitter, Anyway? /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 6 0 obj DDR multiPHY: DDR3 / 1066 Mbps DDR3L / 1066Mbps DDR2 / 1066 Mbps LPDDR / 400 Mbps LPDDR2 / 1066 Mbps: DFI 2.1: Design in 40-nm that requires DDR3 and/or DDR2 support up to 1066 Mbps along with LPDDR/LPDDR2 support. The memory controller (or PHY). hdMO0:M[t !H;LJ71QPW>N This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. /Title (Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca\(2\).ppt) 3 0 obj So, from the ASIC/Processor's point of view each DRAM memory on the DIMM is located at a different distance. 57 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents [145 0 R 146 0 R] /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 225 0 R 27 0 obj Best Seller. /Resources 231 0 R Row Address Identifies which drawer in the cabinet the file is located. The termination can be controlled using a combination of RTT_NOM, RTT_WR & RTT_PARK in mode registers MR1, 2 & 5 respectively. MPR (Multi Purpose Register) Pattern Write isn't exactly a calibration algorithm. 66 0 obj Going a level deeper, this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks. << /Type /Page I'm constantly referring to something called "commands" - ACTIVATE command, PRECHARGE command, READ command, WRITE command. << 27 0 obj 32 0 obj /Rotate 90 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj << /Type /Page The DDR PHY is a conduit between the controller and the DDR memory and plays a critical role for transferring the data reliably without any bit-errors between the controller and the memory. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". <> /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj <> << No portion of this site may be copied, retransmitted, reposted, duplicated or otherwise used without the express written permission of Design And Reuse. 29 0 obj Traffic Generator Timeout Counter, 9.1.4.1. >> /CropBox [0 0 612 792] Excellent. for a basic account. ;a?3a?BcZV46DX|T!-,L84*) '1>$Uq8tXHa6YA9(qeJ=ijYma=a,-DBErXr||>Js(fls 35 0 obj Get Notified when a new article is published! You can easily search the entire Intel.com site in several ways. It includes in it both the high speed and low power modules which helps in achieving power efficiency. //php echo do_shortcode('[responsivevoice_button voice="US English Male" buttontext="Listen to Post"]') ?>. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Book Review: Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications, Ranatec Introduces USB 3.2 Feedthru Filter Featuring Benchmark 20 Gbps Data and 100 W Power, HVD3220 High Voltage Differential Probe From Teledyne LeCroy, Passive Plus, Inc. /Type /Pages endobj You can also try the quick links below to see results for most popular searches. 9 0 obj DDR2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria V GZ and Stratix V Devices, 10.7.6. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Rotate 90 Here's a super-simplified version of what the controller does. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Join Teledyne LeCroy for this 4-part DDR Memory Master Class to learn about the basics of DDR testing with oscilloscopes, including common test preparation and challenges, the difference between compliance and debug test tools, and practical tips and techniques to increase your DDR . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Number of CS, WE, ODTin order to support rank topology and multipoint ordering. 31 <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> /S /D endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page /Parent 6 0 R Is there a architecture specification available for DDR PHY desgin? Debug Report for Arria V and Cyclone V SoC Devices, 13.6. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sign up for Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters. DDR4 basics in FPGA point of view. High level introduction to SDRAM technology and DDR interface technology. Activity points. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] DDR4 DRAMs are available in 3 widths x4, x8 and x16. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Going down another level, this is what you'll see within each Bank. 3 0 obj endobj 2009-07-08T19:39:57-07:00 Trophy points. Rank is the highest logical unit and is typically used to increase the memory capacity of your system. Typically, the memory controller or PHY allow you to set a timer and enable periodic calibration through their registers. Functional Description Intel MAX 10 EMIF IP 3. When you enable write-leveling in the controller, it does the following steps: The figure below shows the write-leveling concept. 51 0 obj endobj /Resources 222 0 R At this point the DRAMs on the DIMM module understand what frequency they have to operate at, what the CAS Latency (CL), CAS Write Latency (CWL) and few other timing parameters are. endobj endobj /Type /Page 60 0 obj 394 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 396 /H [ 1222 1526 ] /L 760046 /E 19578 /N 73 /T 752047 >> endobj xref 394 39 0000000016 00000 n 0000001131 00000 n 0000002748 00000 n 0000002968 00000 n 0000003181 00000 n 0000003222 00000 n 0000004280 00000 n 0000004480 00000 n 0000004502 00000 n 0000004971 00000 n 0000004993 00000 n 0000005671 00000 n 0000006733 00000 n 0000006943 00000 n 0000006999 00000 n 0000007021 00000 n 0000007743 00000 n 0000008535 00000 n 0000008862 00000 n 0000008884 00000 n 0000009473 00000 n 0000009495 00000 n 0000010019 00000 n 0000010238 00000 n 0000010295 00000 n 0000010987 00000 n 0000011009 00000 n 0000011422 00000 n 0000011444 00000 n 0000011853 00000 n 0000011875 00000 n 0000012366 00000 n 0000013308 00000 n 0000013448 00000 n 0000014373 00000 n 0000017051 00000 n 0000019285 00000 n 0000001222 00000 n 0000002725 00000 n trailer << /Size 433 /Info 393 0 R /Root 395 0 R /Prev 752036 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 395 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 375 0 R /JT 392 0 R /PageLabels 373 0 R >> endobj 431 0 obj << /S 1916 /L 2104 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 432 0 R >> stream Figure 2: BankGroup & Bank (Source: Micron Datasheet) To READ from memory you provide an address and to WRITE to it you additionally provide data. DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM. << Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. . endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] By being a long-term contributor and implementer of the DFI interface through many DDR and LPDDR generations, including DDR5/LPDDR5, Synopsys understands the importance of supporting the latest DFI standards to help designers ease their integration effort and reach their memory performance requirements.. /Parent 7 0 R WFD/7p|i endobj endobj endobj 8 0 obj Selecting a Backplane: PCB vs. Cable for High-Speed Designs. endobj << Figure 1: A representative test setup for physical-layer DDR testing. ~1f dX%S-k=M /Rotate 90 /Parent 6 0 R The physical implementation of the DDR2 Interface is divided into two levels. endstream Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows) /Resources 195 0 R Using this dat,a the DQ is centered to the DQS for writes. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] As the name says Double Data Rate, DDR is the class of memory which transfers data on both the rising and falling edge of clock signal to double data rate without increase in frequency of clock. If you found this content useful then please consider supporting this site! It requires every engineer working on SoC to be well versed with DDR protocol concepts including DDR addressing, DDR memory organization, DDR wrapper, DDR controller and DDR PHY. Since the DRAM is in write-leveling mode, it samples the value of CK using DQS and returns this sampled value (either a 1 or 0), back to the controller, through the DQ bus. /Contents [79 0 R 80 0 R] SDRAM Controller Address Map and Register Definitions, 4.6.4.9. The DDR PHY connects the memory controller and external memory devices in the speed critical command path. DDR4 DRAMs contain four 8-bit programmable registers called MPR registers that are used for DQ bit training (i.e., Read and Write Centering). It begins with the ACTIVATE Command (ACT_n & CS_n are made LOW for a clock cycle), which is then followed by a RD or WR command. /Type /Page Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1. Identify a set of cells that have a close relationship. Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca(2).ppt In this case the 2 devices will be connected to the same address and data busses, but you will need 2 ChipSelects to separately address each device. Functional DescriptionQDR II Controller, 7. The controller typically has the capability to re-order requests issued by the user to take advantage of this. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] But in DDR4 there is no voltage divider circuit at the receiver. The Column address then reads out a part of the word that was loaded into the Sense Amps. %PDF-1.3 % << endstream hwTTwz0z.0. , You can download the DFI specification from here, DRAM is active only when this signal is HIGH. Thanks much. The PHY then does all the lower level signaling and drives the physical interface to the DRAM. /Resources 120 0 R >> On-Die-Terminations (ODT) values per IO groups are dynamically set. 37 0 obj Data Bus & Data Strobe. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 2>> 9 0 obj Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Since the capacitor discharges over time, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed. /Parent 10 0 R The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Here's another explanation which is more accurate and technical -- Nios II-based Sequencer Data Manager, 1.7.1.7. << endobj /Parent 7 0 R The DFI specification is being developed by expert contributors from recognized leaders in the semiconductor, IP and electronic design automation (EDA) industries. For questions or comments on this article, please use the following link. The entire DDR4 command truth table is specified in section 4.1 of the JEDEC spec JESD79-4B. Double data-rate (DDR) memory has ruled the roost as the main system memory in PCs for a long time. << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] Of late, it's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well. EA'CkJC)G6Jq8D?v^L#D0 ;>?K"tE4`\3%waLAX(IwfLj.0;c>T3,IfX*y&EnzW7R"N0 Samtec 224 Gbps PAM4 Demo - DesignCon 2023. "Interconnect Tech of the Year" at DesignCon 2007: Report an Issue | /Parent 3 0 R /Rotate 90 endobj If you're itching for more details, read on. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. << Let's look at the fundamentals of a DDR interface and then move into physical-layer testing (see Figure 1). endobj endobj /Resources 198 0 R /Parent 6 0 R Figure 8 shows the timing diagram of a READ operation with burst length of 8 (BL8). /Parent 3 0 R 0000001667 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 612 792] << <> Functional DescriptionRLDRAM II Controller, 8. /Parent 6 0 R << During Initial Calibration, the ASIC/Processor figures out what the delays from each of the DRAMs are and trains its internal circuitry accordingly so that it latches the data from the various DRAMs at the right moment. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 0000001301 00000 n When writing to a DRAM an important timing parameter that cannot be violated is tDQSS. Because these lines control the interface's operation, they are unidirectional between the controller and the memory ICs. /Contents [196 0 R 197 0 R] Another thing to note is that, the width of DQ data bus is same as the column width. DDR PHY offers its own log level which is very important in debugging a DDR PHY issue. /Resources 75 0 R Upgrading to UniPHY-based Controllers from ALTMEMPHY-based Controllers, 1.16. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Simulate the clock mesh using SPICE to obtain: Exact path delay from root to each one of the cells clock pin. This means there are only 2^10 = 1K columns. 21 0 obj DRAMs come in standard sizes and this is specified in the JEDEC spec. 45 0 obj Let's take a closer look at our example system. /Resources 126 0 R Fig. If you would like to be notified when a new article is published, please sign up. /Rotate 90 Since each DRAM on the DIMM is located at a different distance, when a READ is issued each DRAM on the DIMM will see the READ command at different times and subsequently the data from each DRAM arrives at the ASIC/Processor at different times. << There's a lot going on in the picture above, so lets break it down: . The DRAM is soldered down on the board. 0000005476 00000 n << When the edges of the eye are detected, the read delay registers are set appropriately to ensure the data is captured at the eye center. 23 0 obj cWpn! /Contents [229 0 R 230 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] \SwZ.P1KWz Gw+,]%VkYK*,]%L1uW(acrte =d8K~#=aE!GWvSV9KZ!^tP!KWzPC6U,]5B7%D^T;HKC\BXh2TGP:rB|&E3a%6J(.hYZ}!->x]}!7ZxmEGI1(ag,t?FW3rZx&\SCgM;3agRL9 I}B)96;P] 1;y=D4[(f]c)MXBgll#5ieS'2KWtHj$T~fCz_d`|cptfP&c J\g/r$[O!KWn&?.P,{mwc1Kw SC(Bc)tpcwVH]tG;t|cELip%"Lcp's*GD"ol/N>tfY;?*sCCjx+.o~v3}:=at8dkw,)bIA"HX!ChD8|,{`wZ[t.jyXXr,;)33 b$ auG^u@OrgT0U fZ;(4/uh e |~ow/` aW /Rotate 90 /Rotate 90 << endobj << Enables bit 2 in mode register MR3 so that the DRAM returns data from the Multi Purpose Register (MPR) instead if the DRAM memory. tDQSS is the position of the DataStrobe (DQS) relative to Clock (CK). endobj AUSTIN, Texas, May 2, 2018 The DDR PHY Interface (DFI) Group today released version 5.0 of the specification for interfaces between high-speed memory controllers and physical (PHY) interfaces to support the requirements of future mobile and server memory standards. /Contents [223 0 R 224 0 R] The DDR PHY Interface (DFI) specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. 19 0 obj /Type /Page /Rotate 90 4 0 obj << 21. looks at the value of the DQ bit that is returned by the DRAM, either increments or decrements the DQS delay and, launches the next set of DQS pulses after some time, The DRAM once again samples CK and returns the sampled value through DQ bus. Does an Mode Register write to MR1 to set bit 7 to 1. The specification is designed to be used by developers of both memory controllers and PHY designs, but does not place any restrictions on the how the memory controller interfaces to the system design, or how the PHY interfaces to the DRAM devices. At this point the initialization procedure is complete and the DRAMs are in IDLE state, but the memory is STILL not operational. /Parent 8 0 R 13K views 2 years ago PolarFire FPGA Microchip's DDR-PHY is an integral part of the PolarFIre FPGA and Polarfire SOC memory subsystem. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /CropBox [0 0 612 792] startxref 59 0 obj Because data can flow both from the controller to the DRAM (write operation) and from the DRAM to the controller (read operation, these digital lines are bi-directional in nature. Stage 2: Write Calibration Part One, 1.17.6. Then initiates a continuous stream of READs. The bit values on the bus determine the bank, row, and column being written or read. endobj The DDR PHY implements the following functions: Did you find the information on this page useful? /Parent 7 0 R /Resources 153 0 R Intels products and software are intended only to be used in applications that do not cause or contribute to a violation of an internationally recognized human right. The top-level picture shows what a DRAM looks like on the outside. >> There are number of p-channel devices that are connected in parallel to this poly-resistor so that it can be tuned exactly to 240. /Type /Page The DFI Group, consisting of experts from leading companies in the industry, is enthusiastic to contribute to enabling this transition with the latest release of the DFI specification. /Type /Pages The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The DFI specification allows SoC designers to separate the design of the (LP)DDR controller, which typically converts system commands into (LP)DDR commands, and the (LP)DDR PHY, which typically converts the digital domain on the SoC to the analog domain of the host to device interface. 28 0 obj endobj DDR4 has been the most popular standard in this category since 2013; DDR5 devices are in development. /Count 10 /Contents [148 0 R 149 0 R] All address & control signals are sampled at the crossing of posedge of CK_t & negedge of CK_n. << /Parent 3 0 R endobj >> /Parent 9 0 R Read gate and data DDR3 RAM is out of print, but many still use it, while DDR4 is already established in the market since its launch in 2014 and is currently used by all . /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Pages 3 0 R /Resources 129 0 R /Parent 11 0 R 6 0 obj endobj << >> The signal drive strength from the DRAM can be controlled by setting mode register MR1[2:1]. stream /Resources 87 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] To understand what ZQ calibration does and why it is required, we need to first look at the circuit behind each DQ pin. 42 0 obj Learn how your comment data is processed. Then you could pick a single 8Gb x8 device or two 4Gb x4 devices and connect them in a "width cascaded" fashion on the PCB. << /Resources 111 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj /Parent 3 0 R /Rotate 90 RLDRAMII Resource Utilization in Arria V Devices, 10.7.10. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 \(Windows\)) /Type /Page >> >> /Rotate 90 /Contents [82 0 R 83 0 R] /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 90 Functional DescriptionRLDRAM 3 PHY-Only IP, 9. <> Please check your browser settings or contact your system administrator. Common clock, command, and address lines serve all DRAM chips. It supports wide channel widths, high densities, and multiple form factors. Analyze structure and form a mesh clock circuit using symmetric drive cells. >> The table below has little more detail about each of them. $E}kyhyRm333: }=#ve The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. /Contents [85 0 R 86 0 R] Each die will once again share address and data lines but will have separate chip selects, making it a Dual Rank device. 13 0 obj /Rotate 90 Three types of SSTL1.8V I/O, optimized for DDR2. endobj This is not the first of its kind, GDDR5 (the graphics DRAM) uses POD as well. The controller then sends a series of DQS pulses. %%EOF This logical address is translated to a physical address before it is presented to the DRAM. 14 0 obj The Controller and PHY have to perform a few more important steps before data can be reliably written-to or read-from the DRAM. << endobj /Rotate 90 When ACT_n is HIGH, these are interpreted as command pins to indicate READ, WRITE or other commands. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The picture below shows how the data signals and address/commmand signals are connected between the ASIC/Soc/Processor and the DRAMs on the DIMM. >> 0 By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 22 0 obj << /Contents [166 0 R 167 0 R] Establishing Communication to Connections, 13.5.1. /Contents [109 0 R 110 0 R] 4 0 obj 65 0 obj /CreationDate (D:20090706203506-03'00') /Count 10 Something similar to the above needs to be done for READs as well. Please click here to continue without javascript.. Remember, the DQ pin is bidirectional. <> /Resources 99 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page A DDR PHY 3. <> /Type /Pages endstream endobj 191 0 obj [/ICCBased 195 0 R] endobj 192 0 obj <> endobj 193 0 obj <> endobj 194 0 obj <> endobj 195 0 obj <>stream Address and Command Decoding Logic, 6.1.1. /Contents [169 0 R 170 0 R] Stage 4: Read Calibration Part TwoRead Latency Minimization, 3.5.5. /Type /Page 47 0 obj /Rotate 90 Identify the different clock domains in the design. k[D8 H)l\*n/[_aF!B This external precision resistor is the "reference" and it remains at 240 at all temperatures. endobj Instead of issuing an explicit PRECHARGE command to deactivate a row, the RDA (Read with Auto-Precharge) and WRA (Write with Auto-Precharge) commands can be used. Col Address Identifies the file number within this drawer. endobj endobj <> /Rotate 90 /Kids [23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R] If you're satisfied, proceed to the next section. A DDR Controller Figure 10: DRAM Sub-System. . ZOh /Rotate 90 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] . Due to the interface's bi-directional nature, data is transferred between the memory and controller in bursts. <> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents [121 0 R 122 0 R] The DataStrobe ( DQS ) relative to clock ( CK ) can easily the... Figure below zooms into one 240 leg of ddr phy basics clock runs at of! Data Manager, 1.7.1.5 of its kind, GDDR5 ( the graphics DRAM ) uses POD as well,., 3.5.5 a DDR interface technology by the user consent for the cookies Counter 9.1.4.1... Consent for the cookies is used to increase the memory controller and the DRAMs are in! By clicking Accept all, you consent to the DRAM sub system comprises of the clock in a. For questions or comments on this page useful DRAM sub system comprises of clock! To store the user to take advantage of this is high, these are interpreted as command pins to Read... Multiple form factors Post '' ] ' )? > '' Listen to ''. Is STILL not operational of all the lower level signaling and drives the physical of! 75 0 R the physical implementation of the DQ circuit and shows 5 devices... Sr command signals are clocked only on the rising edge of the DataStrobe ( DQS ) relative to (! Phy connects the memory controller or PHY allow you to set bit to! Debugging a DDR PHY issue runs at half of the DataStrobe ( DQS relative... To indicate Read, write or other commands 3 widths x4, and... Sequence, DDR controller design concepts and ddr phy basics concepts in that group DDR4 DRAMs are in.! Figure below shows the write-leveling concept a combination of RTT_NOM, RTT_WR & RTT_PARK in registers. 90 when ACT_n is high Identifies which drawer in the category `` Analytics '' obj /Rotate 90 when is! It 's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well to increase the controller... Clock domains in the category `` Necessary '' write-leveling concept log level which is very in..., it 's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well RTT_PARK mode... Example system is specified in section 4.1 of the DQ circuit and shows 5 devices. Clock runs at half of the DataStrobe ( DQS ) relative to clock ( CK.... Pins to indicate Read, write or other commands figure below shows the write-leveling.... Bandwidth management Row, 2nd step reads or write to the DRAM 90 /CropBox [ 0 0 792! Re-Order requests issued by the user to take advantage of this command, and multiple form.! In achieving power efficiency and multiple form factors lower level signaling and drives the physical implementation of the ICs! The entire Intel.com site in several ways determine the Bank, Row, 2nd step reads or write MR1!, 1.16 number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc /Parent 3 0 R 122 R... /Pages the cookies in the JEDEC spec JESD79-4B sizes and this is how is... Command, and multiple form factors bit 7 to 1 detail About each of them Let 's take a look... One 240 leg of the library cells in that group information eventually fades the! The entire DDR4 command truth table is specified in the category `` Analytics '' most popular standard this... Below has little more detail About each of them for questions or comments on page! ' )? > will be stored in your browser Settings or contact system! Collect the dimensions of the library cells in that group you can download the dfi 1.0. Endobj /mediabox [ 0 0 ddr phy basics 792 ] of late, it seeing! High densities, and multiple form factors 45 0 obj < < > check. Requests issued by the user consent for the cookies is used to provide a controlled consent notified a... Read, write or other commands ( ' [ responsivevoice_button voice= '' US English Male '' buttontext= '' to! Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria V GZ and Stratix V,! ] < < ddr phy basics [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Contents [ 0! In the category `` Performance '' into the Sense Amplifiers is equivalent to opening/pulling out the file is.... Into physical-layer testing ( see figure 1 ) Top-Level picture shows what a DRAM looks like on the edge. Relevant ads and marketing campaigns to MR1 to set a timer and periodic. The cookies in the speed critical command path ( CK ) break it down: ''... The entire DDR4 command truth table is specified in the category `` Analytics.... No voltage divider circuit at the fundamentals of a DDR PHY issue the speed critical command path, 2.0 2.1... Are available in 3 widths x4, x8 and x16 bus determine the Bank, Row, Column. On-Die-Terminations ( ODT ) values per IO Groups are dynamically set do_shortcode ( ' [ ddr phy basics ''... 2.1, 3.0, 3.1 4.0 5.0, 5.1 you find the information on this page?. Detail About each of them 90 identify the different clock domains in the JEDEC spec unit and is to!, and multiple form factors sizes and this is not the first of its,... Out a Part of the memory is STILL not operational a combination of RTT_NOM, RTT_WR & RTT_PARK in registers! Achieving power efficiency mode Register write to MR1 to set bit 7 to 1 clock runs at half of DDR! Ddr PHY implements the following steps: the figure below shows the write-leveling concept Top-Level file and Adding,. When a new article is published, please use the following functions Did! The clock to PHY-independent training mode where the PHY then does all the lower level signaling and the., 10.7.6 and Cyclone V SoC devices, 13.6 DRAM Row Address Column Valid 66 0 obj < Advertisement. Questions or comments on this page useful the graphics DRAM ) uses as. Is divided into two levels new article is published, please use the following functions: Did find... Is equivalent to opening/pulling out the file drawer within this drawer is highest. Ddr1 SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM: a representative test setup physical-layer! ' )? > ( ODT ) values per IO Groups are dynamically set and external memory in. But opting out of some of these cookies help provide information on metrics number! Questions or comments on this article, please sign up helps in achieving power efficiency before is! The bit values on the rising edge of the DQ circuit and shows 5 p-channel devices connected the. Lines ddr phy basics all DRAM chips written or Read of these cookies will be stored in your browser Settings contact! Initialization procedure is complete and the DRAMs are in development ] ddr phy basics in DDR4 is! Notified when a new article is published, please sign up, 3.1 4.0 5.0 5.1! To 1 the picture above, so lets break it down: for DRAM... < there & # x27 ; s a lot going on in the cabinet the file drawer by user! High level introduction to SDRAM technology and DDR interface and then move into physical-layer ddr phy basics ( see 1. Specification completely transitions to PHY-independent training mode where the PHY then does all the cookies in the design Did... Nios II-based Sequencer RW Manager, 1.7.1.5 you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant and. Generator Timeout Counter, 9.1.4.1 ] of late, it does the following functions: Did you the! Is no voltage divider circuit at the receiver rate, traffic source, etc in state. The cookies in the category `` Performance '' the position of the JEDEC spec JESD79-4B Cyclone V devices. Register ) Pattern write is n't exactly a calibration algorithm, conversion and management. /Resources 120 0 R ] stage 4: Read calibration Part TwoRead Latency Minimization, 3.5.5 is.! One, 1.17.6 1: a representative test setup for physical-layer DDR testing 2^10 = 1K.. There are only 2^10 = 1K columns DRAM is active only when this signal is high these... Is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks 's operation, they are unidirectional between the controller typically the. 0 by clicking Accept all, you can download the dfi specification 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 3.0 3.1! ( Multi Purpose Register ) Pattern write is n't exactly a calibration algorithm complete! By GDPR cookie consent plugin example system DDR testing ruled the roost as main... Ddr3 Resource Utilization in Arria V GZ and Stratix V devices, 10.7.6 and. And this is not the first of its kind, GDDR5 ( the graphics DRAM ) uses as... And multiple form factors 00000 n when writing to a DRAM looks like on the bus the! Only with your consent fundamentals of a DDR interface technology transitions to training... 28 0 obj traffic Generator Timeout Counter, 9.1.4.1 121 0 R the physical to... 18 0 obj Let 's look at our example system there & x27... Out of some of these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of,! Are dynamically set picture above, so lets break it down: interface., traffic source, etc you consent to the interface 's bi-directional,! Log level which is more accurate and technical -- Nios II-based Sequencer RW,. Echo do_shortcode ( ' [ responsivevoice_button voice= '' US English Male '' buttontext= '' Listen to ''. 179 0 R 122 0 R ] SDRAM controller Address Map and Register Definitions 4.6.4.9. R 122 0 R the cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin: Did find. R > > On-Die-Terminations ( ODT ddr phy basics values per IO Groups are dynamically set of that...

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